Ask what was actually tested

How to judge medical proof

Match the proof to the promise.

A scientific-looking page can still answer the wrong question. Start with the exact product and exact claim.

Layered paper steps rising toward a clear blue circle on a white field

For a treatment claim

  • Was the exact ingredient tested?
  • Was it given the same way—for example, as a pill or injection?
  • Were people like the intended patient studied?
  • Was the result a health outcome or only a lab change?
  • Does an FDA label cover that use?

Claims that do less work

A patent proves that someone filed an invention. It does not prove the invention helps patients. A before-and-after image does not show what else changed.

The FDA does not review a compounded medicine for safety, effectiveness or quality before sale.

Read the public sources

These links support the factual parts of this page. They are not care businesses.

This page links to the public record behind each factual claim.

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